Penicillins are bacteriocidal antibiotics ( they kill bacteria rather than inhibit their growth).They have a common chemical structure which they share with the cephalopsorins, and are classed as the beta-lactam antibiotics.
Beta-lactam antibiotics are characterized by three fundamental structural requirements: the fused beta-lactam structure, a free carboxyl acid, and one or more substituted amino acid side chains.
Penicillins gets reacted with human proteins to form penicilloyl-proteins.These proteins are synthesized as a result of acylation reaction over human proteins, and they are now new proteins after acylation and recognized as antigens in human immune system.This triggers a sequence of immunological responses by devoleping antibodies against these penicilloyl-proteins, which further reacts to form antigen-antibody complexes,these reactions are severe and can leads to allergic reactions.
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